March 1962 · Over the wall

Annemarie Salzmann crawls through the wire at the Heidekrautbahn embankment

Dressed in overalls and leather gloves, a young trainee kindergarten teacher and her boyfriend crawled across a foggy field in Rosenthal and pulled each other through the barbed wire on the old Heidekrautbahn embankment.

Colour photo: a strip of rough grass, birches and a tall poplar in autumn colours runs beside a quiet residential street with parked cars and lamp posts.
The former Heidekrautbahn line beside Uhlandstraße in Rosenthal, looking north towards Wilhelmsruher Damm in November 2013; the Wall stood along this strip, now grown over with trees Photo: Günter Haase. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

In the year the Wall was built, 17-year-old Annemarie Salzmann met her future husband while both were looking after East Berlin children in Eberswalde. He wanted to leave because he did not want to serve in the army; she was training as a kindergarten teacher and could not see why she should explain communism to three-year-olds. They began to plan an escape.

A friend of her boyfriend had crossed in Rosenthal, on the northern edge of the city, where the border was largely unlit and there were no mines. In March 1962 the couple took the tram there after dark with overalls, to be less conspicuous in the open ground, and strong leather gloves for the barbed wire.

Colour photo: an old railway signal post with a white board stands in undergrowth beside a hedge and a wide road; residential blocks and trees are in the background.
The old Heidekrautbahn line at Wilhelmsruher Damm in Rosenthal in November 2013, looking south towards the Märkisches Viertel; a remnant of the railway lay in the border strip here Photo: Günter Haase. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

The field they chose was a triangle between the Wilhelmsruher Damm and the Quickborner Straße, with a guard post on each road; they could hear the guards and their dogs, but no patrol came. They crawled towards the wire in fog. When the full moon came out they thought of giving up, but after a quarter of an hour the fog returned.

The border ran along the embankment of the disused Heidekrautbahn: barbed wire first, a roll of wire lying on the tracks and a tightly strung fence behind them. Wearing the gloves, they held the wire apart for each other and got through, snagging on it, into West Berlin. They moved to the Rhineland and married; they had left with nothing but what they were wearing.

Sources

  1. Flucht bei Nacht und Nebel – rbb eyewitness video (2011)rbb – Geschichte der Berliner Mauer (berlin-mauer.de)
  2. Flucht bei Nacht und Nebel – subtitles of the rbb eyewitness videorbb – Geschichte der Berliner Mauer (berlin-mauer.de)

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  1. 19 February 1962

    Dorit Schmiel – five friends crawl towards Reinickendorf

    Five young East Berliners cut through the fence in Rosenthal after midnight and crawled across the snowy border strip; guards opened fire without warning, killing 20-year-old seamstress Dorit Schmiel and wounding a 16-year-old.

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  2. 29 April 1962

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  3. 26 October 1962

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  4. 27 May 1962

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